Lately,
I’ve been watching a course from The
Great Courses on Science Wars: What
Scientists Know and How They Know It by Professor Steven L. Goldman. In lecture
17 he discusses Thomas Kuhn’s Structure
of Scientific Revolutions. Goldman summaries the problems of anomalies in
regard to theories. This should have as much relevance to an historical theory such
as regarding Shakespeare’s Authorship as it does to the typical scientific
theory. Here are a couple of the summaries:
Kuhn’s theory:
1.
Some
anomalies need to be addressed, and if they can’t be addressed by the theory—if
the community is not satisfied that the theory can handle the anomaly—you’ve
got a crisis.
2.
The
way to resolve the crisis often is a conceptual revolution in which a new
paradigm comes in and replaces the old paradigm, and the new paradigm does
answer the anomalies.
So
we can conclude that a really good theory should have no anomalies. At least it
shouldn’t have many and whatever few there may be should have adequate or reasonable
hypotheses that someday can be resolved.
If
there are many anomalies or a few, or even one that is a serious one and can’t
be explained by the current dominant theory, then there’s a serious problem
with that theory.
So
following is a sampling of many of the anomalies that have been cited for the
Stratfordian theory of Shakespeare’s Authorship. I haven’t spent a lot of time putting
this together. Mostly I picked and gleaned from Steven Steinburg’s I Come To Bury Shakespere and from the
DoubtaboutWill.com website. It’s not a complete list nor are the items
described in full as I wanted to make the list fairly simple for posting here.
Anomalies in the
Stratfordian Theory of the Shakespeare Authorship Question:
- Mr. Shakspere’s thoroughly illiterate
family background.
- The obvious limitations of a 5-7 year of
dubious rural grammar school education. Read also the Debunking of his supposed
great Grammas School education: https://shakespeareoxfordfellowship.org/fake-truth-the-language-of-professional-shakespeare-scholarship/
- The illiteracy of his wife and two
daughters.
- Why no family member or descendant ever
said he created any literary works.
- Why does not anyone who knew or must have
known him seem not to have associated him with the author?
- His demonstrated miserliness contradicting
Shake-speare’s theme of generosity.
- In spite of searches through millions of
records, he seems to have owned no books, notebooks, manuscripts, furniture or
instruments associated with or required by an author, or left behind any record
of such activities.
- Shakspere is said to have been a full-time
actor, appearing in several different plays a week, outdoors in English weather
and on annual extended tours all over England. He was a theater shareholder,
responsible for the business. He maintained two households three days apart,
commuting over poor Elizabethan roads. Yet he also supposedly wrote
thirty-seven plays over twenty years, nearly all requiring extensive research, often
in foreign languages, using three hundred books that have been identified –
many rare and expensive. It is not possible. There is no other example of a
dramatist doing so many different things at the same time.
- There is no record showing that any
William Shakespeare ever received payment, or secured patronages, for writing.
No record shows that he and the earl of
Southampton ever met.
- How did he remain a nearly invisible
public figure despite his extensive social connections, intellectual
achievements, and popular success?
- That he seems neither to have written nor received
any letters.
- Almost uniquely among Elizabethan poets,
Shakespeare remained silent following the death of Elizabeth.
- Also, why would a retired “lead dramatist
of the King’s Men” be silent following the death of Prince Henry, the hugely
popular son of King James, and heir to the throne, in 1612?
- That he
had no known source or access to the books, mentors and experiences
essential for gaining the specific, prerequisite knowledge displayed in his
works. Scholars know nothing about how he acquired the breadth and depth of
knowledge displayed in the works. This is not to say that a commoner could not
have managed to do it somehow; but how could it have happened without leaving a
single trace?
- That he left no examples of his handwriting other than,
possibly, six unsteady, barely legible, uniquely spelled signatures of
different “hands”.
- Why did the “Hand D” handwriting evidence
have to based on watered down standards?
- Why is it that “not a single claim that
Shakespeare used Warwickshire, Midlands or Cotswold dialect can be held”? http://www.fupress.net/index.php/bsfm-jems/article/view/18084
- The curiously inappropriate inscription on
the ‘Shakspeare’ monument.
- That no one during his life mentioned him
(identified as Shakspere of Stratford), much less lauded him, as an author.
- While there are about 70 documents
mentioning him, they are all non-literary. “…he is the only presumed writer of
his time for whom there is no [uncontested] contemporary evidence of a writing
career.”
- That his will made no mention of his
theatrical holdings.
- That his will was utterly mundane and
totally lacking in poetic or intellectual sentiment.
- That his gravestone is inscribed with
doggerel verse.
- That the dedication to Shake-speare’s
Sonnets memorializes Shakes-speare while Shakspere was still alive and had
seven years to live.
- That, less than a century after his death,
the man who was presumably England’s most famous playwright was alleged to have
started out as a butcher’s apprentice.
- This alleged prolific writer is said to
have retired in his late-forties with his faculties intact, and returned to the
same market town from which he came, never to write a play, a poem, or even a
letter.
- Why are virtually all of the plays set
among the upper classes? And why so many in Italy as opposed to his
contemporary Elizabethan or Jacobean England?
- The ambiguity and suggestively
inappropriate qualities of the First
Folio dedicatory poem by Ben Johnson.
- That there are no substantive specific parallels
that can be drawn between Shakspere and Shake-speare’s works.
- That he appears to have owned no Bibles, whereas Shake-speare’s works
indicated intimate familiarity with multiple versions of the Bible.
- Why would a listing of allusions to
Shakespeare by a group of leading Shakespeare scholars fail to mention the 1635
petition by Cuthbert Burbage, brother of famous actor Richard Burbage, directed
to one of the dedicatee’s of the First Folio, and then describe William merely
as a “deserving man” and “man player” rather than the poet-dramatist
Shake-speare? [see # 16 in the additional reasons for doubt https://doubtaboutwill.org/pdfs/SAC_beyond_reasonable_doubt_1.pdf
- Why would Thomas Vicars omit William
Shakespeare from his 1624 list of excellent English poets and then in his 1628 revised
edition say “To these I believe should be added that famous poet who takes his
name from ‘shaking’ and ‘spear’...” And why was this allusion also omitted by
the Shakespeare scholars like the one regarding the Burbage petition?
- How is it that “when Shakspere died in
1616, no one seemed to notice. Not so much as a letter refers to the author’s
passing.” If he had been the author, then surely he would have been
memorialized by his literary peers. Even the actors he remembered in his will
had no known reaction. One would expect to have seen this great writer interred
with honors in Westminster Abbey in 1616, as the much less significant writer
Francis Beaumont was the month before, and as Ben Jonson would be in 1637.
Most theories, even data-driven, tested
theories, go through significant changes to account for observed or discovered anomalies.
But Kuhn says that sometimes there is great resistance to these changes from
the older academicians with power in their field. So that the theory change
must wait until the old guard dies off.
So such resistance is not unusual
and is evidence itself of weak and failing theories.
Readers
then can decide themselves if the Stratfordian Theory can reasonably explain all
of the above anomalies. And if they haven’t easily done so by now perhaps one
can admit that the theory has outlived its usefulness.